Mechanical movement



Jan. 16, 1951 A. H. HEINRICH MECHANICAL MOVEMENT 2 Sheets-SheecI l Filed Nov. 20, 1945 INVENTOR. AUGUST H. HEINRICH.

HHH l Jan. 16, 1951 A. H. HEINRICH 2,538,620

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Filed Nov. 20, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

AUGUST H HEINRIQH.

summation is a` forward advancement.'`

Patented Jan. 16, 1951 TENT ortie MECHANICAL MOVEMENT August H...Heinrich; Euclid,I Ohio,l assignor to Metal Seal and Products, Inc.,;Cleveland, Ohio,

a corporationofy Ohio Application-'November 20, 194`5Serial-Nol 629,760

12'A Claims.

l This: inventionf relates.; to ai mechanical. movementifor; imparting zretary-osci-llatoryrmotion' to a;.dr`ivenf member; i y

The movement may' ber providedi as f a'unitary seit-contained devicefhaving input andr output shafts; and: interposable `betweenA ai source of I power, suclras -a motor onhandicrank; andthe element to-.zbe f driven, these .being 'connectedi to` the 'respective shaftaA Alternatively, the'rzmove-i mentfmay beincorporatedrin the drive mechanisrnrof afmachine, .such asa machine tool...

The need for-"such "a mechanical; movement has longI been felt-Lv in: a 'variety' of endeavors: Twov Widely variantexamplesubeing the lapping: and honin'guaruand the. washing machinev art.. In lapping; asv practiced;y for example,l in the fitting ofi. gasoline engine valvesv totheirfseats, a lap.- pingi'compoun'd iswintroduced between'vv .the parts which are thenpressedtogether;V l'telatirvefmo-A tion: is then" imparted :whereby the: parts fgrind each other: away until'. astrueft is obtainedl between'V them. The* relativemotion is "preferably notla .-uniformf continuousA rotary oneas some-tof the-particles in :the compound.. more adamant than tl'ie'rest;y tend to l' become imbedded ,inl one of'ithe iparts, andi continuous rotationresults inv deepscoring' ofthe -otherparti. Itisdesirable, therefore; to reversefvthewmoti'on. frequently in orderv to' :obtairrzafy new distribution of the. compound. These reversals should 'notzoccurieach time the fpartscome tor the. same-'rrelative position as at..patternpofscoring/wouldathus .be pros ducedl'dueftoithe periodi/city; I

In: the 'case- ,ofi a washingmachine Ahaving an agitator the problemisto soimove theiagitator cases.'-

This object-I accomplish with .a-.simp'le gear train and crank movement wherein, whilethe inputshaft is, driven: atfa: constant; uniform rate, the .output :shaft-'vis causedtor turn' :at: a reduced and variable rate in- -a forward. directionfinter-f rupted by-frequentreversalsthe: angles described during theforward movements beingggreaterr. than those described duringgthe reversals whereby the points at whichfthe:reversals` take place: during af-.complete revolutiomare,notrepeaterbuntihafter The Y a comparatively large numberof revolutions have taken place.v I have found that this type of motion produces practically the same result as the ideal. random moti'onand may be accomplished with a simple arrangement of'few and rugged parts.

Inxthe drawings, Fig. l is an elevational View of a preferred-.embodiment of my device as interposed-between a; sourceofapovver and the-work to be moved, in this easea` setup for valve grinding; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal medial section through themovement; Fig.,3 is av transverse sectiontaken on. the lmet-3 of. Fig.:1;. Fig. 4 is atransverse sectionl taken oro-the line. .4--li ofFig. 1; Figs. 5, 6 and?? are diagrammatic representations of some of the'fparts'ofthe movement and illustraterespectively progressive positions ofr the parts; Fig.

Slis'amotion diagram; and'Fig 9 .is acrosssec-` tionalview of .awashing machine illustrating'an alternative adaptationof the device.'

Referring first to. the diagrams of Figs; 5,. 6 anda'l., itivvill be seen. thatr the underlying princi-Y pleo myy mechanical, movement is thev interactionbetween .two crankspl: and I! and alink l2 between them. ThecrankA ll is drivingly carriedbytheoutput shaft i3 While the crank ID is'. drivingly carried .iby' a-:shaftY It which, while rotatable uponits own axis, is'revolvable about the' output shaftasindicated. by the ,arrow I5. If.` the shaftM were to remain fflXed. in` position While'rotatingonits axis, the crank ll would be oscillated .thereby through a. fraction of a. revo-r lution On the other hand; if theY shaft l Were to. swing aroundthe'output shaft as indicated by the arrow l5 without. rotating: on. its axis relative to theioutput 'shaft'. the entireassemblage, including the output Shaft, .wouldrotate as a unit. By causingithe shaft. I to rotate,. as it revolves about'the output. shaft, the latter is given a motion which'is .a1-combination of the two results andwhich may'bereferred to as a rotary-oscillatory' motion; substantially asinolicated by the heavy line in; thexdiagram'. of Fig. 8. To better illustrate thedouble movement of the crank' Hl Ihavez'shown'it. inthe diagrams of Figs. 5, 6 and 7; aszazroller l 6i engaging acurved trackway I l.

p In Fig; 8.fthe.circle A*is :aplotof ltheV path of the shaft I4, the long dashes the path of` the crank pin I8andA the .heavy line the path of. the crank pin'l9. The short" dashes represent vprogressive positionsifof' the link l2. It will be understood that thepath of the crank pin I9 has been distortedfrom. the circular in order to show the reversalsztofmovement. As thefparts reach the positions;illwstratedfinzliig,,5,i theirpoin'tsrin Fig. 8

Fig. the link I2 pushes the pin I9 in a reverse direction until the positions Ib, I2?) and I9b are reached. Continued forward motion of the pin I8 then advances the pin I9, by means of the link I2, until the positions I8c, I2C-and I9c are reached, at which time there is another reversal of the motion of pin I9. The rotation of the output shaft is much slower during the reversals than during the forward travel, as will be seen from the fact that the distance traveled between the points Ia. and ISD is approximately one-third of the distance from ISb to ISC although the duration of these two movements kis approximately equal, as attested by the fact that the point Ib is about midway between Iiian and I8c. This slow reversal is advantageous in a lapping operation, for example, as it allows a better redistribution of the compound. Another attribute of the motions, both forward and reverse, which is advantageous in reducing the throwing of the compound from'the parts, is the temporary lull as the crank Iii passes dead center and the gradual increase and then decrease of speed as it approaches the succeeding dead center.

Though making possible a simpler mechanical design of the parts, it is 4not essential that the path of travel of the shaft I4 be a circle, or that such circle be concentric with the output shaft. In fact, any departure from the concentric produces a more random distribution of the reversals and greater variations in the speeds, and, in P anism of a machine, I have found that it may also be produced as a unitary device with its own housing, and that in this form it may advantageously be used in a large variety of applications. An embodiment of this form is illustrated in the drawings. The housing comprises an upper cup-shaped member 20 and a lower cup-shaped member 2I., the open edges Vof which are secured together as by the screws 22. An output shaft I3 is journaled in the housing section 2I and may be provided with an appropriate packing gland 23. Drivingly secured to the shaft is a crank II carrying a crank pin I9. An arm 24 is freely journaled at its one end on the output shaft and at its other end carries a planetary shaft I4 which is journaled in the arm and is constrained by it to a path concentric with the output shaft. A link I2 interconnects a crank pin IB, on a crank I0 drivingly secured to the planetary shaft, and the pin I9 on the crank II. I prefer to extend the cranks I and II into fiat plates of circular and oval shape respectively, as illustrated, to confine the link I2. A simplification of design is thus obtained as the crank pins may be simple studs upon which the link is slipped. rlhe parts so far described are those illustrated diagrammatically in Figs. to 7, and hence are adapted to produce motion of the output shaft similar to that previously described.

Rotation and forward progression of the planetary shaft is obtained by means of a gear train. An input shaft is journaled in the housing section 20 and may have a further bearing in a counterbore of the output shaft to preserve stability and axial alignment and spacing of the parts.Y Integral Ywith or drivingly secured to the input shaft 25 is a sun gear or pinion 21 meshing with a planetary gear 28 keyed to the planetary shaft I4. Rotation of the'planetary shaft produced by means of this gear couple causes forward progression of the planetary shaft by means of a pinion 29 which is keyed to the shaft and which meshes with an internal gear 3D secured to the housing. Thus these parts just described are adapted to produce the double motion of theplanetary shaft illustrated by the arrows in Figs. 5 to '7.

The frequency of repetition of the reversal pattern in this embodiment is controlled by the ratio between the gears 29 and 39. I have found it convenient to use a gear 29 having 11 teeth and an internal gear 39 having 48 teeth. In such a case 48 reversals are produced before they again take place at the same point in the revolution of the output shaft, the latter rotating 11 times in the meanwhile.

In Fig. 1, I have illustrated the present embodiment as it might be used in the operation of valve grinding. As there shown, the input shaft 25 is clamped in the chuck C of a drill press,

for example, and to the output shaft I3 is clamped an appropriate tool T. The tool may be provided witha blade-like portion for engagement with an appropriate slot in the valve V for pressing and turning it upon the valve seat S. Alternatively, the output lshaft could be provided with a rubber suction cup for engagement with the valve head. The housing of the device may be fixed in position by means of a bracket B extending from the frame of the machine and clamping upon a boss 3I` ofthe housing, thus preventing its rotation.'

Another adaptation of my mechanical movement is illustrated `in Fig. 9 which is a simplified showing of a washing machine. The housing 32 is intended to resemble that of Figs. 1 and 2 and will be understood to contain a mechanical movement similar to that which is there shown. The input shaft 25 is driven, through any appropriate means, by a motor M while the output shaft I3 drivingly carries the agitator A of the washing machine. The agitator thus partakes of the described motion of the output shaft and an advantageous result is obtained in the movement of the clothes in the operation of the machine.

While I have illustrated a specific embodiment of my invention I do not wish to be limited thereby, as numerous changes and modifications,

some of which have been here mentioned and others of which will be apparent to one skilled in the art, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention'.A

I claim:

1. A mechanical movement for imparting rotary-oscillatory motion to an output shaft comprising a crank on the shaft, a second crank on a planetary shaft, a link pivotally secured to each of said cranks, a xed internal gear coaxial with the Voutput shaft, a planetary gear drivingly carried by the planetary shaft and meshing with the internal gear, and means for moving the planev tary gear in a path concentric with the output shaft.

2. A mechanical movement for imparting rotary-oscillatory motion to an output shaft comprisirig an input shaft, an output shaft concentric therewith, a fixed internal gear, a sun gear driven by the input shaft, a planetary shaft geared to the internal gear and sun gear, a crank on the planetary shaft, a second crank on the output shaft, and a link between the cranks.

. 3. A mechanical movement for imparting' assenza shaft, an arm freelyyrotatable concentievwith the Jinput-ishaft; a# planetary fshaft fj durnaled' in the I'armwand' geared tofthf internat gear 'and vsun gear;Y af crankfonfthe 4`plan'eta'g-r-y shaft;- af second crankfonf the` output/ shaftand-af link? beni/een thecranks'f p 4;'1Af mechanical movement*v for:` imparting rotary 'oscillatorylmotiontofan output shaft-,com prisingl aminput shaft;- anfoutput shaft, aflxed gear concentric:withL th'einpi-itv shaft-Q a sunf gear driven.- byfthefinputsl'iagft,L a` planetaryYAY shaft geared withl 4'bot-h* said'fifixed 'gear andisaid:v sun gear; a lcrankvonethe*planeraryrshaft;A a==second crank on the output shaft :and a'lconnecti'on-bel tween sadcranks'; Y

5? Afd'riving-nrechanism1 for a washingfmacnine having a-'fr'amemotor and'iagitat'or; said-driving mechanism comprising fa drivingfmember adapted to"be'fconnectedfto'thermotort afdri'ven member adaptedj to be connected .tothe agitator,` al cr-ank ony the d'riven7 member,I an'intermediaterotatable member? a* secondi' cranlon` their intermediate member, a link connec'ztin'g the cranksalsurr'gear onfthe-d'i-ving member-,'*a'meshing planet on the intermediate memben. a-xed.internal gear and a pinion on the"intrmediatmember meshing withithefinternal gears f Y 6. A mechanical movement.` for imparting rotary-oscillatory -motionit0=-an outputv shaft comprising a crank on the shaft, azsecond crank on a secondshaft, a link pivotal'lyjsecured to each/of said,:cranks; a;I fixed Agean'j a planetary gear drivinglyrcarriedbymthefsecond""shaft, andi vmeshing with saidfiixedgear and means' for movingthe planetarif: gear=relative 'to jsaid 'fixed gear.'

7 A" mechanical movement for yir'nparting rotary-oscillatory 'motion from" aA` constantly` 'rotating'input shaft Vtoarroutputs'haft comprising a crank on the output shaft, an arm freely rotatable about the axis of the input shaft, a planetary shaft freely rotatable on the arm, a second crank drivingly carried by the planetary shaft, a link between the cranks, a fixed gear concentric with the input shaft, and a planetary gear drivingly carried by the planetary shaft and meshing with the fixed gear. s

8. A lapping tool comprising a rotary driving member connected to a power source, a driven member adapted to turn the work to be lapped, a housing supporting the members, a crank within the housing and securedv to the driven member, an intermediate member rotatable about an axis eccentric to the axis of a driving member, a second crank on said intermediate member, al link between the cranks, a sun gear on the driving member, and a meshing planet on the intermediate member to rotate the intermediate member about its own axis, and means operating consequent upon the rotation of said gears to cause said intermediate member to revolve about the axis of the driving member simultaneously with the rotation of the intermediate member.

9. A mechanical movement comprising a casing adapted to be held stationary, an input shaft and an output shaft each extending from within the casing to a region exterior thereof, a fixed .gear in the casing, a sun gear in the casing driven by the input shaft, a planetary shaft within the casn ing carrying two pinions one of which is geared to said xed gear and the other to said sun gear, a crank on the planetary shaft, a second crank on the output shaft, the crank arm of the second f er cranklbeing/:greater 'than-th'ezfcrankarmmf: 'the first* crank f and a '-link'connecting said two'fcranks.'

1.0;` Iii-aY mechanical movement, the combination of'arr inputfshaft -ad'apte'd` to f be Acontinu-- ously'lrotated an output-"shaft, meansdriyingly connectingfsaidfshafts: "and` 'operating to 'rotate the :outputisl'iaft'fi'n-V alforward 'direction andthen in a Vreverse direction" alternately; saidfmeans comprisi'n'gga'-xedl'geariin theicasing, a sun gear inv the casing driven' bytheinputshaftf,`l a plane# tary sh'aft-withinfl thel casingI geared to said fixed gear -andt'the'fsun gear, a-'cranki onthe planetary shaft",- a'lsecondfcrank onf the output shaft, the

` therewith,` a' coupling comprising aA crank' in align-mentwitl'r-saidv membersl and connected vto therdrivenA member; a second crank vr'havingva lesser* throw rthanv the---rst 'andY` a llink connecting;thefcrankstogether alshaftY 'carrying the sec;

ond'crank andadapted to-*be'rotate'd on its own axis-and'- revolved'l about the axisofthe driving memberby, thelatter, a-stationaryVA gear wheel concentrin'ofthe driving' member, ay gear wheel fast. oir'the crank 'shaftitmeslfiing'with the stationary' vgear wheel for-causing the crank Ashaft to ,rotateias'it revolvesabout the axis of' thejdriving-' memberforV the f purposev of causing automati'cally' positive and negative"accelerations-of 'the driven'member with" reference tothel driving member 12. A transmission device comprising a driving member, a driven member, a revoluble member, a stationary gear wheel and a crank, all in axial alignment, a shaft rotatably mounted parallel to the axis thereof, a gear wheel fast on the shaft, meshing with the stationary gear wheel, for causing the shaft to rotate about its own axis Vas said revoluble member revolves, a crank on the shaft, with a smaller throw than the first crank, a link connecting the two cranks together for the ypurpose of `causing automatically positive and negative accelerations of the driven member.

13. Means for driving a tool, comprising a fixed casing,` a gear fixed to the casing, a driving spindle journaled in the casing, a driven member in the casing in axial alignment with the driving spindle, a revoluble member coaxial with the spindle and enclosed in the casing, a shaft mounted in said revoluble member, a planetary wheel keyed to the shaft and meshing with said Xed gear and thereby rotating the shaft, a crankifreely mounted axially of the driving spindle, a second crank of smaller throw than the rst carried by the planetary shaft, and a link connecting rthe two cranks together for the purpose of causing automatically alternate positive negative accelerations of the tool holder with reference to the driving spindle.

14. A mechanical movementfor imparting rotary oscillatory motion to an output shaft comprising an input shaft, an output shaft, the two shafts being in axial alignment, and mechanism interconnecting the shafts and comprising a drivingcrank connected bya .link to'alarger driven crank and operating upon continuousrotation of the input shaftv to rotate the output shaft alternatively in a -forward direction and then in a reverse direction, the angular extent of one of the'movements of the output shaft being greater thank that of the opposite movement of the output shaft. l' f l5. A mechanical movement for imparting rotary oscillatory movement to an output shaft-1l comprising an input shaft, an output shaft, a housing supporting said shafts, and mechanism within the housing for connecting said shafts together, said mechanism comprising a xed internal gear in the casing, a sun gear in the casing driven' by the input shaft, a planetary shaft within the casing carrying two gears respectively meshing with said internal gear andV with said sun gear, a crank on the planetary shaft, a second crank on the output shaft, the crank arm of the second crank being greater than the crank arm of the first crank, and a link connecting said two cranks, whereby said mechanism operates upon continuous rotation of the input shaft to rotate theA output shaft alternately in a forward and thenV in a reverse direction with the angular movement in each forwardgdirection being greater than that of the reverse direction.

16. A mechanical movement for imparting ro tary oscillatory motion to an output shaft from a continuously rotating input shaft comprising a hollow casing,'output and input shafts aligned with each other and extending from the exterior into the interior -of the casing and journalcd in Vthe casing, a sungear on the input shaft, a stationary gear carried by the casing concentric of the axis of the shafts, a member below the sun gear freely surrounding said axis andA rotatable Yindependently of both shafts, a planetary shaft journaled in said member, two gears on the planetary shaft, one meshing with the sun gearl and the other Nlwltlfysaid fixed gear, a crank --on said'planetary-shaft-below'said member, a crank 4 ontheupper end o f the output shaft and alink connecting said two cranks.

17 .3A mechanical movement comprising a hollow casing, aligned Vdriving and driven shafts projecting into the casing from opposite directions, -a sun gear on the driving shaft, a stationary internal gear in the casing coaxialwith said shafts,v a member in the casing revoluble about the; axis of the shafts, aplanetary shaft journaled insaid member, two gears onY the planetaryshaft meshing respectively with said sun-'gear and said stationary gear, a crank on the planetary shaft, a longer crank on the driven shaft, and `alink connecting said cranks, whereby a continuous rotation of the driving -shaft causes alternately a forward and reverse direction of movement of the driven shaft, the amount of forward movement being greater than that of the reverse movement, said gearing being nsuch that the reversals occur at non-aliquot fractions of the complete circle of movement of the driven shaft whereby the pattern of `reversals is not repeated until after several complete rotations of the output shaft. f AUGUST I-I.1lIEINl=tICIeLv REFERNCESJ CITED p The following references are of reco'rd in the file'of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,403,233 patch July 2,1946 

